Much of the previous research on PA has been completed within the area of cardiovascular disease and obesity and many of the questionnaires and assessments were developed with such health outcomes in mind. Assessment of PA in cohort studies of OA is usually captured by self-report questionnaires, typically including measures of frequency, intensity, duration, and type. PA is defined as any bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and is categorised by domains, including occupation, leisure time, daily living, and active travel. This, in part, may be due to the heterogeneous definition of PA used in cohorts and the lack of differentiation between weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing activity. While there are some well-established risk factors for hip and knee OA, the relationship between physical activity (PA) and OA is inconsistent. To determine risk factors for this disease, it is necessary to analyse previously collected data from longitudinal population cohorts. It is one of the leading causes of global disability, with adult prevalence rates reported between 8.5–22% for symptomatic radiographic knee OA and 3.4–8.9% for symptomatic radiographic hip OA. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic condition of the synovial joint, which includes the progressive degeneration of cartilage and the excess growth of bone, often leading to pain and functional impairment. It also provides minimum requirements for future studies intending to include subjective PA measures. This study has developed a systematic method to classify and harmonise PA in existing OA cohorts. Agreement was met for all aims of study: (1) The use of Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) minutes per week (MET-min/week) as a method for harmonising PA variables among cohorts (2) The determination of methods for treating missing components of MET-min/week calculation a value will be produced from comparable activities within a representative cohort (3) Exclusion of the domain of occupation from total MET-min/week (4) The need for a specific measure of joint loading of an activity in addition to intensity and time, in studies of diseases, such as OA. The definition of PA in an OA context and methods of harmonization were established via an international expert consensus meeting and modified Delphi exercise using a geographically diverse committee selected on the basis of individual expertise in physical activity, exercise medicine, and OA. The aim of this study was, therefore, to gain expert agreement on the appropriate methods to harmonise PA data among existing population cohorts to enable the investigation of the association of PA and OA. However, subjective methods used to assess PA are highly variable and have not been developed for use within studies of OA, which creates difficulties when comparing and interpreting PA data in OA research. Physical activity (PA) is increasingly recognised as an important factor within studies of osteoarthritis (OA).
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